He aha nā hana magnetic i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā mea paʻa?
ʻO nā hana hoʻomākeʻaka nui e pili ana i ka remanence (Br), ka coercivity induction magnetic (bHc), ka coercivity intrinsic (jHc), a me ka huahana ikehu kiʻekiʻe (BH) Max.Ma waho aʻe o ia mau mea, aia kekahi mau hana ʻē aʻe: Curie Temperature (Tc), Working Temperature (Tw), ka helu wela o ka remanence (α), coefficient mahana o intrinsic coercivity (β), permeability recovery o rec (μrec) a me ka demagnetization curve rectangularity (Hk/jHc).
He aha ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic?
I ka makahiki 1820, ʻepekema ʻepekema ʻo HCOersted ma Denmark i ʻike i ka nila kokoke i ka uea me ka deflect o kēia manawa, e hōʻike ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka uila a me ka magnetism, a laila, hānau ʻia ʻo Electromagnetics.Hōʻike ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ikaika o ka māla magnetic a me ke au me ke au o ka uea pau ʻole i hana ʻia a puni ia e like me ka nui, a ua kūlike ʻo ia me ka mamao mai ka uea.Ma ka ʻōnaehana ʻāpana SI, ʻo ka wehewehe ʻana o ka lawe ʻana i 1 amperes o ka uea pau ʻole o kēia manawa ma kahi mamao o 1/ uea (2 pi) ka mamao o ka mākia ikaika mika mamao he 1A/m (an / M);e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hāʻawi ʻana o Oersted i ka electromagnetism, i ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana CGS, ka wehewehe ʻana o ka lawe ʻana i 1 amperes o ka conductor palena ʻole o kēia manawa i ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic o 0.2 wire mamao ka mamao he 1Oe cm (Oster), 1/ (1Oe = 4 PI) * 103A/m, a ua hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic ma H.
He aha ka polarization magnetic (J), he aha ka hoʻoikaika magnetization (M), he aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea ʻelua?
Hōʻike nā haʻawina hoʻonaʻauao o kēia manawa i nā hanana magnetic a pau mai ke au, i kapa ʻia he dipole magnetic. ʻO ka torque kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mākēneki i loko o ka hakahaka ʻo ia ka manawa dipole magnetic Pm no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o waho o waho, a me ka manawa dipole magnetic no kēlā me kēia leo o ʻo J ka mea, a ʻo ka ʻāpana SI ʻo T (Tesla).ʻO ka vector o ka manawa mākēneki no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana leo o nā mea he M, a ʻo ka manawa hoʻopaneʻe ʻo Pm/μ0, a ʻo ka ʻāpana SI ʻo A/m (M / m).No laila, ʻo ka pilina ma waena o M a me J: J =μ0M, μ0 no ka mānoanoa permeability, ma ka ʻāpana SI, μ0 = 4π * 10-7H/m (H / m).
He aha ka ikaika induction magnetic (B), he aha ka mānoanoa flux density (B), he aha ka pilina ma waena o B a me H, J, M?
Ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi mākia i kekahi ʻano H, ʻaʻole i like ka ikaika o ka mākēneki i loko o ka mea me ka H, akā ʻo ka ikaika o ka mākēneki o H me ke ʻano magnetic J. kahua H ma o ke ano o ka hookomo ana.No ka ʻokoʻa me H, kapa mākou iā ia ʻo ke ʻano induction magnetic, i kapa ʻia ʻo B: B= μ0H+J (SI unit) B=H+4πM (CGS units)
ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka ikaika induction magnetic B he T, a ʻo ka ʻāpana CGS ʻo Gs (1T=10Gs).Hiki ke hōʻike maopopo ʻia ke ʻano mea hoʻokalakupua e nā laina kīwaha magnetic, a hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka induction magnetic B ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe magnetic.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka manaʻo ma ka manaʻo hoʻoheheʻe Magnetic B a me ka mānoanoa flux magnetic B.
He aha ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo remanence (Br), he aha ka mea i kapa ʻia ka mana hoʻokae magnetic (bHc), he aha ka ikaika hoʻoikaika kino (jHc)?
Magnet magnetic field magnetization i ka saturation ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻia ʻana o ka mākēneki waho i loko o ka mokuʻāina i pani ʻia, ʻo ka magnet magnetic polarization J a me ka induction magnetic kūloko B a ʻaʻole e nalo ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o ka H a me ke kahua magnetic waho, a e mālama i kahi. kekahi waiwai nui.Kapa ʻia kēia waiwai ʻo ke koena magnetic induction magnet, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka remanence Br, SI ʻāpana T, CGS ʻāpana Gs (1T=10⁴Gs).ʻO ka pihi demagnetization o ka mākēneki mau, i ka wā e piʻi ai ka mākia hoʻohuli H i ka waiwai o ka bHc, ʻo ka ikaika induction hoʻoheheʻe o B magnet he 0, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka waiwai H o ka mea hoʻohuli i ka mea magnetic coercivity o bHc;i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ke kahua magnetic H = bHc, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ka hiki o ka flux magnet waho, ka coercivity o ka bHc characterization o nā mea magnetic mau e kūʻē i waho o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ke kahua magnetic a i ʻole ka hopena demagnetization ʻē aʻe.ʻO Coercivity bHc kekahi o nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻolālā kaapuni magnetic.Ke hoʻohuli ʻia ke kahua hoʻopaneʻe H = bHc, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hōʻike ka magnet i ka flux magnetic, akā ʻo ka ikaika magnetic o ka magnet J mau ka waiwai nui ma ka ʻaoʻao kumu.No laila, ʻaʻole lawa nā waiwai magnetic intrinsic o bHc e ʻike ai i ka magnet.Ke piʻi aʻe ka mākia hoʻohuli H i jHc, ʻo ka vector micro magnetic dipole magnet kūloko ʻo 0. Ua kapa ʻia ka waiwai hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka intrinsic coercivity o jHc.ʻO ka Coercivity jHc he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi kino o nā mea magnetic mau, a ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka mea magnetic mau e kūʻē i waho o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka pā magnetic a i ʻole nā hopena demagnetization ʻē aʻe, e mālama i kahi kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi o kona mana magnetization mua.
He aha ka huina hoonui ikehu (BH) m?
Ma ka pihi BH o ka demagnetization o nā mea magnetic mau loa (ma ka lua quadrant), ʻokoʻa nā kikoʻī like ʻole i nā kūlana hana like ʻole.ʻO ka BH demagnetization curve o kekahi kiko ma ka Bm a me ka Hm (horizontal and vertical coordinate) e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka magnet a me ka ikaika induction magnetic a me ke kahua magnetic o ka mokuʻāina.ʻO ka hiki o BM a me HM o ka waiwai paʻa o ka huahana Bm*Hm ma ka inoa o ka mokuʻāina o ka hana ma waho, e like me ka ikehu magnetic i mālama ʻia i loko o ka magnet, i kapa ʻia ʻo BHmax.ʻO ka magnet ma kahi kūlana o ka waiwai nui (BmHm) e hōʻike ana i ka mana hana ma waho, i kapa ʻia ka huahana ikehu kiʻekiʻe o ka magnet, a i ʻole ka huahana ikehu, i kapa ʻia (BH)m.ʻO ka ʻāpana BHmax ma ka ʻōnaehana SI ʻo J/m3 (joules / m3), a ʻo ka ʻōnaehana CGS no MGOe , 1MGOe = 10²/4π kJ/m3.
He aha ka mahana Curie (Tc), he aha ka mahana hana o ka magnet (Tw), ka pilina ma waena o lākou?
ʻO ka mahana Curie ka mahana kahi i hoʻemi ʻia ai ka magnetization o ka mea magnetic i ka zero, a ʻo ia ka wahi koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea ferromagnetic a i ʻole ferrimagnetic i nā mea para-magnetic.ʻO ka Curie temperature Tc pili wale i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mea a ʻaʻohe pili i ka micro-structure o ka mea.Ma kahi mahana, hiki ke ho'emi 'ia nā waiwai magnetic o nā mea magnetic mau e ka laulā i ho'ohālikelike 'ia me kēlā ma ka lumi wela.Kapa ʻia ka mahana ka mahana hana o ka magnet Tw.ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ikehu magnetic e pili ana i ka noi ʻana o ka magnet, kahi waiwai i ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻo ka magnet mau loa i nā noi like ʻole i ka wela hana Tw.ʻO ka mahana Curie o Tc magnetic material e hōʻike ana i ke kumumanaʻo o ka palena wela hana o ka mea.Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole pili wale ka Tw hana o kekahi magnet paʻa i ka Tc, akā pili pū kekahi i nā waiwai magnetic o ka magnet, e like me jHc, a me ke kūlana hana o ka magnet i loko o ke kaapuni magnetic.
He aha ka mākia permeability o ka mākēneki mau (μrec), he aha ka J demagnetization curve squareness (Hk / jHc), ʻo ia ke ʻano?
Ka wehewehe o ka demagnetization pihi o BH magnet wahi hana D reciprocating hoʻololi track line back magnet dynamic, ka pali o ka laina no ka hoʻi permeability μrec.ʻIke loa, hōʻike ka hoʻihoʻi permeability μrec i ka paʻa o ka magnet ma lalo o nā kūlana hana hoʻoikaika.ʻO ia ka squareness o ka BH demagnetization curve mau, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea waiwai nui o nā magnet mau loa.No nā magnet Nd-Fe-B sintered, μrec = 1.02-1.10, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka μrec, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻa o ka magnet ma lalo o nā kūlana hana hoʻoikaika.
He aha ke kaapuni magnetic, he aha ke kaapuni magnetic hamama, kaapuni pani pani?
Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ke kaapuni magnetic i kahi kahua kikoʻī i loko o ka ea ākea, i hui pū ʻia e hoʻokahi a i ʻole plurality o nā magnet mau loa, ka uwea e lawe nei i kēia manawa, hao e like me ke ʻano a me ka nui.Hiki ke hao i ka hao maʻemaʻe, ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa, Ni-Fe, Ni-Co alloy me nā mea permeability kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka hao palupalu, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ʻauamo, hoʻokani ia i ka kahe kahe o ka flux, hoʻonui i ka ikaika induction magnetic kūloko, pale a hōʻemi paha i ka leakage magnetic, a hoʻonui i ka ikaika mechanical o nā ʻāpana o ka hana i ke kaapuni magnetic.ʻO ke kūlana magnetic o kahi magnet hoʻokahi i kapa ʻia he ʻano hāmama i ka wā e ʻole ai ka hao palupalu;ke noho ka magnet i loko o ke kaapuni kaapuni i hana ʻia me ka hao palupalu, ua ʻōlelo ʻia aia ma ke kūlana kaapuni paʻa.
He aha nā ʻano mekini o nā mākēneki Nd-Fe-B i hoʻopaʻa ʻia?
ʻO nā waiwai mechanical o nā mākēneki Nd-Fe-B sintered:
| Ka Ikaika Pilou /MPa | Ka ikaika hoʻoemi /MPa | ʻOoleʻa /Hv | ʻO Yong Modulus /kN/mm2 | Elongation/% |
| 250-450 | 1000-1200 | 600-620 | 150-160 | 0 |
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka Sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet he mea brittle maʻamau.I ke kaʻina hana o ka mīkini, ka hui ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea magnet, pono ia e hoʻolohe i ka pale ʻana i ka magnet mai ke kau ʻana i ka hopena koʻikoʻi, collision, a me ke koʻikoʻi tensile nui, i mea e pale ai i ka haki ʻana a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻana o ka magnet.He mea koʻikoʻi ka ikaika o ka ikaika o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe Nd-Fe-B i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka moku magnetized, pono nā kānaka e mālama i ko lākou palekana pilikino i ka wā e hana ana, e pale aku i ka piʻi ʻana o nā manamana lima e ka ikaika suction ikaika.
He aha nā mea e pili ana i ka pololei o ka magnet Nd-Fe-B sintered?
ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka pololei o ka magnet Nd-Fe-B sintered ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana, nā mea hana a me ka ʻenehana hana, a me ka pae ʻenehana o ka mea hoʻohana， a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ka mikini pololei o ka magnet.No ka laʻana, ʻo ka magnet me ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka palaoa, hiki i ka ʻili ke loaʻa ka lua ma ke kūlana mīkini;ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noho ʻana o ka ʻili machining;ʻAʻole kūlike ka nui, ka haku mele a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ʻaʻole like ka nui o ka chamfer;ʻO ka magnet me ka ʻike oxygen kiʻekiʻe he palupalu, a hiki ke ʻoki ʻia ke kihi i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana;ʻAʻole kūlike ka māhele nui magnet o nā kīʻaha koʻikoʻi a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka māhele waiwai Nd, ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o ka plating adhesion me ka substrate, ka like ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻana, a ʻoi aku ke kūpaʻa o ka corrosion ma mua o ka māhele nui o ka palaoa maikaʻi a me ka hāʻawi like ʻana o Nd. ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa kino kino.I mea e loaʻa ai nā huahana magnet Nd-Fe-B kiʻekiʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, pono e kamaʻilio a hui pū ka mea hana ʻenehana, ka ʻenekini mīkini a me ka mea hoʻohana.