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ʻO ke ʻano o ka mana hoʻokalakupua me ka magnetism ikaika

ʻO nā ʻano magnetic oNā Mākēneki Nui: I ka loaʻa ʻole ʻana o kahi kahua magnetic waho, ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā electrons a i ʻole nā ​​mea pili ʻē aʻe ma waena o nā ʻātoma pili i ka domain magnetic, ua lanakila ko lākou mau manawa magnetic i ka mana o ka neʻe wela, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā magnet ikaika, e hopena i kahi hanana. o ka manawa magnetic.Ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi māla magneti waho, hoʻololi kāna magnetization me ka māla magnetic waho e like me nā mea ferromagnetic.He ʻano kino like ka Ferromagnetism a me ka antiferromagnetism, akā he ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā manawa kuʻekuʻe antiparallel i loko o nā ferromagnets, no laila, aia kekahi manawa hoʻoneʻe kūʻokoʻa, e like me ka ferromagnet.ʻO nā ferrites ka hapa nui o nā ferromagnets.

ʻO ka Diamagnetism ka wā e hoʻopau ai nā manawa mākēneki o nā electron i nā ʻātoma o kahi mea i waho a ʻaʻole ka manawa magnetic i hui ʻia.Akā, i ka wā eMākēneki Honua Lakaʻikaʻie hoʻololi ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka electron orbital, a e hoʻohua i kahi manawa hoʻohui liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ke kahua magnetic waho.No laila, hōʻike ka magnet ikaika i nā waiwai magnetic o kahi mea a lilo ka maʻalahi i kahi helu maikaʻi ʻole.ʻO ka hikiwawe mākēneki ka lākiō o ka manawa mākēneki o kekahi mea ma lalo o kahi kahua mākēneki waho (i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka magnetization) i ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic, me ka hōʻailona κ.ʻO ka maʻalahi o nā mea antimagnetic maʻamau ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapa o ka miliona (-10-6).

He maikaʻi ka manaʻo o ka paramagnetism, 1 ~ 3 ka nui ma mua o ka diamagnetism, X ma kahi o 10-5 ~ 10-3, e mālama ana i ke kānāwai Curie a i ke kānāwai Curie-Weiss.Ke loaʻa nā ion, nā ʻātoma a i ʻole nā ​​molekole me ka ʻole o nā pālua electron ma aMākēneki mau loa, aia ka manawa milo a me ka orbital angular momentum o nā electrons, no laila, aia nā manawa mākia milo a me nā manawa magnetic orbital.Ma lalo o ke kahua magnetic waho, e kuhikuhi ʻia ka manawa magnetic disordered mua, no laila e hōʻike ana i ka paramagnetism.

 

Mākēneki apo ikaika


Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-12-2022